Holiday blog assignment: ) what are the effects if contact and haber process towards the environment.

Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid
1.  Sulphuric acid can be prepared by using the contact process using vanadium(V) oxide as a catalyst.

2.  There are three main stages in the manufacture of sulphuric acid namely.
(a) Combustion of sulphur
(b) Conversation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide
(c) Formation of sulphuric acid

3.  The process at each stage manufacture of sulphuric acid

Stage 1:Combustion of sulphur
•sulphur is burnt in the air to produce sulpur dioxide
•sulphur dioxide must be purified to remove foreign compounds which may poison the catalyst
S(l)+O2(g)----->SO2(g)

Stage 2:Conversation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide
•the sulphur dioxide produced together with air are passed over vanadium oxide(V2O5) catalyst at a temperature of 450--500°C to produce sulphur trioxide
•SO2(g)+O2(g)----->2SO3(g)

Stage 3:Formation of sulphuric acid
•sulphur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid to form oleum(H2S2O7)
•SO3(g)+H2S2O4(l)----->H2S2O7(l)
•oleum is diluted with water to produce sulphuric acid
•H2S2O7+H2O(l)----->2H2SO4(l)

Enviromental Problems of Sulphur Dioxide
1. Sulphur dioxide is released to the air from the burning of sulphur and the burning of coal.
2. The sulphur dioxide is oxidised to sulphur trioxide by used the oxidising agents in the atmosphere such as ozone(O3) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O3).
3. The sulphur trioxide forms acid rains which dissolves in the rainwater causing environmental damage.
4. Some of enviromental problems caused by acid rain are:
(a) pollution by increasing the acidity of soil,rivers and pond
(b) corrosion of metallic structures
(c) corrosion marble structure

Properties of Ammonia
1.Physical properties of ammonia:
(a)  Colourless gas
(b)  Pungent smell
(c)  Very soluble in water
(d)  An alkaline gas
(e)  Less dense than air
2.Chemical properties of ammonia:
(a) Reacting as a base
      Dissolves into water to give an alkaline solution.
NH3(g)+H2O(l)<------->NH4+(aq)+OH-(aq)
Undergoes neutralisation with acids to form ammonium salts
Ammonium +  acid  -----> ammonium salt
(b) Reacts with aqueous metal ions
     Metal ions combine with the hydroxide ions from aqueous ammonia to produce insoluble metal hydroxides.

Manufactured of Ammonia in Industry
1.  Because of its many uses,ammonia is widely produced in industrialised countries.
2.  Today,ammonia is produced industrially by a process called Haber process.
3.In the Haber process,ammonia is produced by the direct combination of one nitrogen molecule and three hydrogen molecules under established conditons.
4.The two gases were mixed at established conditions and were fed into a reaction chamber containing iron catalyst in order to speed up the reaction.
N2(g)+3H2(g)<----->2NH3(g)
 
Established Conditions
Temperature--->medium temperature (500°C)
Pressure---->very high pressure (250 atm)
Catalyst---->iron catalyst